PiPower

Turn an Adafruit PowerBoost 1000c into a UPS with the help of an ATtiny85 microcontroller.

Caveats

The PowerBoost 1000c can only provide about 1.1A, which may not be sufficient to power a Raspberry Pi 3(+). According to the FAQ, the Pi 3 may draw up to 1.2A under load. The typical current draw is listed as around 500mA, which would be fine.

Theory of operation

PiPower is designed to ensure that your Pi will shut down cleanly when it is disconnected from its primary power source.

PiPower runs on an ATtiny85 microcontroller and acts as an intermediary between your Raspberry Pi and an Adafruit PowerBoost 1000c. When the microcontroller (mc) boots, it checks to see if an external power source is available to the PowerBoost. If so, it sets the EN line and the PowerBoost starts to supply power to the Pi.

If no external power is available, the mc enters a low power sleep mode until external power is applied. At this point, it will boot the Pi.

When the Pi boots, it must signal to the mc that it has booted successfully by bringing the BOOT line low. If the mc does not receive this signal within 30 seconds of providing power, it will turn off the power and return to the low power mode.

If external power is lost while the Pi is running, or if you press the power button while the Pi is running, the mc will send the SHUTDOWN signal to the Pi. It will then wait up to 30 seconds for the Pi to shut down. The Pi can signal a clean shutdown by setting the BOOT line high. Once the shutdown is complete (or if 30 seconds pass), the mc will remove power from the Pi and return to low power mode.

Installing pipower on your attiny85

Run make to build the executable:

make

Run make flash to upload the image to your attiny85:

make flash

The Makefile assumes you are using an Arduino UNO as your ISP. If you're using something else you will need to update the Makefile appropriately.

Pins

PB0 - Momentary Power Button
PB1 - USB line from PowerBoost
PB2 - ENABLE line to PowerBoost
PB3 - BOOT signal from Raspberry Pi (default GPIO4)
PB4 - SHUTDOWN signal to Raspberry Pi (default GPIO17)
VCC - 5v Power connected to the VS output from the PowerBoost

Installing on your Raspberry Pi

The pipowerd directory contains the components that need to be installed on your Raspberry Pi. Clone the repository onto your Pi, cd into the pipowerd directory, and run:

make

This will build the pipowerd executable, which is a daemon that will monitor a GPIO pin for the shutdown signal from pipower. When it receives the shutdown signal it runs systemctl poweroff.

To install pipowerd and the associated systemd units, run:

make install

To enable the new services, run:

make activate

systemd units

The Makefile will install the following systemd units:

pipower-boot.service

Asserts the BOOT signal on PIN_BOOT (default GPIO4) when the Pi boots and de-asserts it on shutdown.
pipowerd.service

Launches the pipowerd daemon to monitor for shutdown signals on PIN_SHUTDOWN.

You can configure these services by creating the file /etc/default/pipower, which may set one or more of the following variables:

PIN_POWER - BCM GPIO on which to assert the BOOT signal.
PIN_SHUTDOWN - BCM GPIO on which to watch for the SHUTDOWN signal

License

PiPower, a UPS for your Raspberry Pi
Copyright (C) 2019 Lars Kellogg-Stedman lars@oddbit.com

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

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