Deprecate LocalParameterizations

Add [[deprecate]] notices to everything LocalParameterization
related.

Make sure that Ceres can be compiled without triggering
deprecation warnings.

Update the documentation:

a. Add deprecation notices.
b. Document interaction between LocalParameterization and Manifold
   coexisting in the Problem.
c. Add documentation for Manifold(s)

Change-Id: Ie4ad48963c83fded86e533c8c60561af402fbaff

docs/source/gradient_tutorial.rst

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ follows [#f2]_.
                                                       kNumParameters>(
           new Rosenbrock);
     }
-};
+  };
 
 And finally, if you would rather compute the derivatives by hand (say
 because the size of the parameter vector is too large to be